Applied research into the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs

Introduction: The need for gama \u2013 globulin, especially gama - globulin - anti \u2013 HBs, is huge in Vietnam. A number of patients cannot to afford use them due to the high price as they are imported. Meanwhile, Vietnam has high quality input sources for producing gama \u2013 globulin. \r\n', u'Objectives: To study the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: 168 samples of human plasma from voluntary blood donors, which had been screened with for transfusion transmittable infections (TTLs), were chosen as plasma with rich of anti - HBs. The plasma with anti - HBsAg was precipitated with ethanol 25%, pH 6,9 to gain gama - globulin with rich anti - HBs, which was dried by Dutch Ly - 3 - TTE machine. Activation of anti - HBs gama - globulin was identified by a standard method of the degree of antibody specific for anti - HBsAg kit of BIORAD, \r\n', u'Results: The purity of the gama - globulin achieved was 93%, which was almost equal with the results of some foreign researchers (7.8), the activation of anti - HBs was 1:128 dilution degree. The productivity of gama - globulin gaining from 1 litter plasma was 6.0 gram. This new issue was first demonstrated in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Conclusion: We can domestically produce anti-Bs gama - globulin with high degree of activeness (1:128) from human plasma by the precipitating method with ethanol, pH and low temperature. \r\n', u'

The results of studying procedure to reduce erythrocytes from cord blood using to long-term storage of CD34 cells

Background: The reduction of erythrocytes from cord blood is very need for long - term storage of C034 cells for transplantation. Reduced erythrocyte will reduces preservative blood volume, preservatives and freely HST when defrosting, so stem cells are better protected. Objectives: To study selection of the best centrifugal procedure to reduce maximal erythrocytes and lose minimal C034 cells from cord blood. Subjects and methods: 20 blood samples selected from 60 cord blood units was used for this study. The study was carried out through two steps. In the first step, the centrifugal speed was fixed and the centrifugal time was changed.In the second step, the centrifugal time was fixed, the centrifugal speed was changed. From collected results the best appropriate procedure to reduce erythrocytes from cord blood have been selected. Results: The procedure of gradient centrifuge with speed of 500g in 6 minutes isolated> 50% of erythrocytes, kept > 84% of CD34 cells and then centrifuge of 1000 g in 10 minutes reduced about 40% of volume of nuclear cell - suspension. Conclusion: The procedure can use for preparation of stem cell suspension from cord blood to storage in nitrogen liquid. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Result of production of standard Albumin from human plasma

Background: Human albumin was produced and used in many countries. Cohn's technique had been used to precipitate albumin from human plasma. This technique was easy and cheap and the quality of the product was good. In Vietnam, human albumin had to import, but the prices was very expensive. Vietnam was having good plasma in large quantity and high quality. That\u2019s why research on production plasma albumin was essential.\r\n", u"Objectives: This study aimed at using Cohn's technique improved by Drohan and Van - Aken to produce standard albumin from human plasma. Subjects and method: Human plasma detected VIII-factor was used for present study. Plasma \ufffd?albumin was precipitated by ethanol at low temperature and pH. The collected albumins have been liophilizated and storage at 40C. The quality and quantity of Albumin was evaluated by quantitative analysis and protein \ufffd?electrophoresis. Results: The 418g of albumin powder was produced from 16 liters of plasma detected F \ufffd?VIII. The quality of this albumin come up to standard (>95%) and quantity of albumin collected from one liter of this plasma was 26g. Conclusion: In the Vietnamese condition, the technique of Cohn can be used to produce standard albumin for treatment.\r\n", u'

Research into the standard process of fresh freeze - dried plasma for providing medical treatments with dutch dryer LY3-TTE/DM8

Background: Freeze - Dried Plasma (FDP) has many advantages, which could be stored for a long \ufffd?term and transported across remote areas for providing medical treatments and emergency aid. Objectives: To study the standard process of freeze - dried fresh plasma. Subjects and methods: 10 samples of fresh plasma from volunteer donors were selected according to certain categories. Plasma samples were frozen at \ufffd?75oC in 12 hours, freeze - dried at - 45oC and at the atmospheric pressure of 0.04mbar with Dutch dryer Ly - TTE/DM8. The adequate freeze - drying time for every 100ml of plasma was 60 hours. The protein level, factor VIII, electrolysis, the pH of plasma before and after the drying process were evaluated. Results: Results of tracking protein level in comparison between before and after freeze - dry showed the components and levels of freeze-dried protein changed little, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). The clotting factor before and after freeze-dried retains standard activity. After the freeze-dried process, factor VIII achieved 0.80 Ul/ml, prothombin achieved >80%. However, prothrombin decreased clearly (P<0.05). Electrolytes and pH changed had no statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The procedures are applicable for processing and manufacturing drying plasma for long-term-storage and medical treatment. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Research on blood biochemical indexes in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion at Viet Duc hospital

Background: Massive blood transfusion is common in surgery: trauma, complicated surgery, organ implantation. Stored blood contains much lactate, ammonia, products of metabolism. These products have negative effects on patient\u2019s metabolic function which may be a cause of death. Objective: To study the change of blood biochemical indexes in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion at Viet Duc hospital. Subjects and method: A prospective study was conducted in the adult patients who had emergency and operation at Viet Duc hospital, from December/2004 to August/2006. All of them were transfused over 3000 ml of blood within 24 hours (pre-operation, intra-operation and post-operation). Results: During the period of study, there were 70 surgical patients with massive blood transfusion: men were more than woman (64%) and the mean age: 38\xb117. The survival rate was significantly improved (57%). The average transfused blood per patient per 24 hours was 3995ml\xb11067ml. There was a decrease in the value of pH, acid-base and HCO3 (the average pH value 7.218\xb10.181, lowest value 6.7). The average value of pH and HCO3\xac was higher in the survival patients than died patients (p<0.05). The mean level of K+ was 3.8\xb10.96mml/l. The increase in the level of K+ had a positive association with the amount of transfused blood. The mean level of Ca++ \xac\xacdecreased under the normal level (0.98mml). Conclusion: It should monitor blood gas and electrolytes continuously in surgical patients with massive blood transfusion in order to identify disorders soon for timely treatment.

Study the high effect process of collecting hematopoietic stem cell from umbilical cord blood

Background: Umbilical cord blood - Stem cell CD34 are attracted to study and apply to cure many serious diseases. But the quantity of the cell is small, so it only used to children. Therefore, studying to find out the high effect collected process is necessary. Objective: studying to find out the high effect process of collecting hematopoietic stem cell from umbilical cord blood. Subjects and methods: the study included 112 umbilical cord blood specimens collected from healthy mother delivering at National Hospital of Obstetric and Gynecology.Results: The condition of the mother was healthy, with no risk factors of infection or genetic disease. The average age of mothers was 28 \xb1 5 years old, average weight: 63 \xb1 5 kg. Age of fetus was from 39-41 weeks, average weight: \ufffd?3000g. Collection technique: cutting the umbilical cord after delivery 6-10 seconds, cutting the umbilical cord far from neonatal 6 cm, blood collection continued after the collection of placenta, all processes must be implemented rapidly in the 4 -5 minutes in aseptic condition. With the above process it can be obtained with high effect blood: volume was 90 - 120ml (48%). CD34 cell count: 1.6 \xb1 0.3x106, the number of eukaryotic cells: 13.53 \xb1 1.7x108/unit of the umbilical cord. Conclusions: The process can take the large volume of umbilical cord blood, which can be used for children and low weight adult. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Mobilization with granulocyte \ufffd?colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collection peripheral blood CD34 cells from healthy volunteer for allograft

Background: Peripheral blood stem cells are today the mains source of cells for transplantation. The number of CD34 in peripheral blood of adult healthy volunteers is very low, so we have to mobilize. Objectives: To apply a protocol to collect CD4 cells in peripheral blood of normal donors mobilized by using G-CSF. Subjects and method: G-CSF (Leukokin) at a dose 10 mcg/kg/day was injected subcutaneously in 5 consecutive days for mobilization CD34 from 5 healthy donors. Count the number of CD34 everyday and collect CD34 cells in 5th \ufffd?6th day by automated blood cell separator (COBE-Spectra), observed clinical and hematilogy, biochemistry symtoms spontaneously. Results: The number of CD34 harvested is 215,5 \ufffd?570,2 x 106 CD34/donor. Almost other of parameters of hematology and biochemistry of donors were normal after one week from the last separation. Conclusion: Mobilization with G-CSF and aphaeresis of periphral blood stem cell from normal donors is feasibility and safety. The number of CD34 can be to allograft for an adult patient.

First results of the program for enhancement of the diagnosis and treatment quality of the hematological diseases

From 2 years of program for diagnostic and treatment quality elevation to 4 main diseases of blood and hematopoiesis, consisting of acute leukemia (AL), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), aplastic anemia (AA) and hemophilia, we get some results. Firstly, we designed the basic feature of subtypes of AL, found out new subtypes, such as stem cell AL. which could not be detected by conventional techniques. Basing upon development of new techniques of bone marrow biopsy and immunological technique, we can diagnose exactly some difficult cases of hematopoiesis, such as aplastic anemia, myelodisplassia, bone marrow metastasia, multiple myeloma, smouldering AL. This takes an important part to elevate treatment quality of acute blood diseases in Vietnam. On treatment field, splenectomy can be effective for immunomodulation in patients, who display dis-balance of CD4/CD8 ratio.

Prospect of treatment of essential bone marrow failure by the immunosuppression

There were 39 aplastic anemia patients with immunopathology, who was treated by immunosuppresion such as: Spleenectomy, thymus transplantation using cyclosporine A. The results show that: immunosuppression has successful rate of 50-60% in aplastic anemia after internal treatment was not effectiveness.

ATRA- an unique drug with effective treatment of the acute promyelocytic leukemia

46 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have been treated by ATRA (all trans retinoic acid). The result showed that 33 patients (72%) were complete remission. Two patients in relapse have been treated by ATRA plus As2O3 (arsenic trioside). The both patients were complete remission. The results of the present study showed that ATRA is standard drug of remission of induction in APL.

Achievement of profession of hematology and blood transfusion in the 20th century

In the 20th century, the profession of hematology and blood transfusion obtained many major achievements. This paper introduced 3 achievements of the profession including researches on the hematopoietic stem cells, marrow transplantation and blood transfusion: blood preservation, finding of the leukocyte and thrombocyte antigens, separation of blood components and total blood transfusion, blood transfusion safety, and management of accidents due to blood transfusion

World health day - blood transfusion safety 7/4/2000

The world health organization (WHO) considered the World health day as day of blood transfusion safety with slogan blood safety begins, blood cures the life to mobilize everyone over the world takes care the blood program through the humane blood donation and assurance of blood safety. WHO called for each country must have blood program under direct management of Ministry of health. The answer to this call, the institute of hematology and blood transfusion mobilize “blood safety year” organized in 11/03/2000.

Treatment of acute leukemia type M3 by ATRA

There are 21 pro-myeloid leukemia patients were treated by ATRA from 4/1999 to 12/2000 with dose 40 mg/day in 90 days. The results should that: there are 62% remission after 40.8 days, 5% was good in 15 months, 33% was death, among 71.4% the cause of death by the brain bleeding. The disorder coagulation was good after 15 days of treatment. The count of red cell, white cell, platelet become normal after 45 days. The result shows that the early diagnosis was necessary for preventing disorder coagulation by using high dose corticoid. It was addition of FFP and cryoprecipitate

Results of HBV, HCV and HIV screening among blood donors in the whole country during 1996-2000

In Vietnam we have been screening 5 blood transmitted diseases: HBV, HCV, HIV, malaria and syphilis. In order to get safe blood for patients since 1994 we have concentrated in 3 issues: voluntary blood donation program, screening blood transmitted diseases in all hospitals (from central to district hospitals-85 central and provincial hospitals and 430 district hospitals), production of safe blood components and effective clinical blood use. The result: in 1999 all blood banks in Vietnam perform screening HIV for 100% blood products; in 2001 all hospital use 100% blood products screened for HBV, HCV, HIV. More than 840 donors with anti-HIV(+) were excluded. Until now only 1 case of HIV in the window period. This result has been reported so far due to the blood collection in the window period. This result also shows the effectiveness of the prevention program for HIV/AIDS in blood transfusion practice.

HBV transmission from mother to newborn and future protection of the donor’s blood resource

The incidence of mother to new born transmission of HBV at birth and breath nursing period is very high, about 45% and 40% respectively. The mother who are also positive HBeAg are in highest risk to transmit HBV to newborn. All HBV makers, seen in mother serum, could be found out from cord blood. The new born with positive HBsAg are in high risk to be chronic carrier for HBV. These data show that, it is very essential to detect HBsAg from mother and then indicate early vaccination to newborn whose mother is positive HBsAg. This has benefit not only to people health care but protection to safe blood donor in the future.

Efficacy of mobilization of blood donation and blood component production

During 5 years period(1994-1998) blood donor motivation and blood component preparation, encouraging results have been achieved: 1. Renew of blood resources with 90% of donors was professional in 1993 changed to 53% and 37% in 1997 and 1998, respectively. 2. Blood collection volume per year raised 4 times in comparing with the data in 1993 (800 litres to 2,850 litres in 1998). 3. 1,000 of donors with HBsAg(+) and 100 of donors with anti-HCV(+) and anti-HIV(-) have been excluded by screening. 4. 4 basic blood component have been prepared including red cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma and anti haemophilia A cryoprecipitates. 5. 70% of clinical transfusion carried out with blood components and blood transfusion reaction have been decreasing. 6. Obviously, blood donor motivation gave a lot of advantage to patient treatment, blood transfusion safety, health care system with better economic effectiveness.

Eficacy of blood donation mobilization and blood’s components production

After 4 years with blood donation mobilization and blood component production, we obtain encouraging results, as following: 1. Renovation on blood donor source, from 90% of professional donor in 1993, down to 53% in 1997. 2. Blood collection volume is increased 3 times in 1997 in comparison to the collection in 1993. 3. Blood transfusion is ensured to be safer than in the past, by systemic application of screening test of HBV, HCV and HIV. Through screening, we detected thousands peoples with positive HBsAg, hundreds of positive anti HCV and anti HIV. These take an important part to ensure blood transfusion safety. 4. It is separated into 4 basic blood components, with packed red cell, platelet concentrated, frozen fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate. 5. It takes about 70% of partial blood transfusion among total blood transfused in 1997, compared to less than 10% before year’s 1994. Obviously, blood donation mobilization takes benefit not only for treatment service, but also for blood transfusion safety and people health care with high economic value.

Value of tests of thrombocyte aggregation in some pathological conditions in the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion

The study was carried out in normal adults, normal old people and patients aimed to assess the role of thrombocytes in coagulation abnormalities in some diseases using the test of thrombocyte aggregation is reduced significantly in patients with mild burn and severe burn compared with the patients with mild burn. Thrombocyte aggregation is raised significantly in old people with hypertension compared with normal old people. Also, 12.5% patients with hypertension without complications have a raised thrombocyte aggregation.

Value of the immunology in the classification of the types of leukemia that it is difficult to diagnose

From 1996 to 2000, 609 patients of acute leukemia in NIHBT, Bach Mai hospital were applied immunophenotype. The results as follow: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): 408 patients (67%) including: AML (CD14-): 367patients (60.3%), AML (CD14+): 41patients (6.7%). Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL): 123 patients (20.2%) including: PreT: 16 patients (2.6%), T: 3 patients (0.5%), Early B: 2 patients (0.3), PreB: 81 patients (13.3%), 21 patients (3.45%), 78 patients (only CD34+). NK acute leukemia: 1 patient (CD16/56+), Acute “null-cell” leukemia: 17 (all CDs negative on blasts), Mixed acute leute leukemia myoloid-B: 16 patients (CD13+, CD33+ and /or CD3; CD7+), Mixed acute leukemia myeloid-NK: 7 patients (CD13+, CD33+ and/or CD16/56+). These results contributed effectively to pathological study, folow up treatment and prognosis of acute leukemia

Day of international blood transfusion safety

The 7th April 2000 is the date of global health. Because the increase of HIV/AIDS as well as hepatitis B, hepatitis C... were threatening the blood transfusion safety, the director general of WHO introduced the date of global health was considered the date of blood transfusion safety with the slogan "blood safety begins me, the blood save the life".